The most common speech disorder in children is Developmental Apraxia of Speech (DAS). According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Associating, 1-2% of children for every 1,000 have DAS.
In DAS there are three main features: inconsistent errors in sound production, disrupted transitions between sounds and syllables and inappropriate prosody (Thaut & Hoemberg, 2016, p. 196). Children with DAS also struggle with motor speech function and the structure of speech sounds (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2007).
One way a child can develop their speech and language is through music therapy.
The Neurologic Music Therapy technique Developmental Speech and Language Training through Music (DLSM) uses developmentally appropriate musical experiences through singing, playing musical instruments and engaged in music and movement to improve speech and language development. Music may be an effective means to enhance speech and language because music and language shared similar brain mechanisms (Thaut & Hoemberg, 2016, p. 196).
When working with children, music should be creative, motivating and exploratory! This creates an engaging environment for the child to work on things that may be quite difficult and frustrating. Another thing to consider when creating songs for children is the structure because repetitions can help solidify concepts and provide several opportunities for the child to execute the skill.
For example, here is a line from a song I wrote for a child learning vowel production using animal sounds. “Animal sounds, animal sounds, what does the animal do? Does he go ee, ee, oo? Your turn…” Repeating this line several times can give the child lots of opportunities to explore the sound and their voice, which can help increase voice production.
Movement, props and other tools can also be incorporated while singing. In the animal song, you might have the child mimic the different movements the animal would make.
When working with children, it’s important to imitate. Not only does it provide them a model to follow, but it can create a safe place between you and the child. Encouraging exploration while developing speech and language can be critical for success!
For children who may not be able to use their voice to communicate, alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) devices may be used. Their devices can be incorporated into a song by giving them opportunities to respond to the music by making selections.
These are just some considerations for how the playful nature of music can be harnessed to engage children in speech and language development.
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