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Kaitlyn Aquino • May 24, 2023

Music and Mental Health - Anxiety and Depression

In a given year, 1 in 5 Canadians will experience a mental illness. By the time Canadians reach 40 years of age, 1 in 2 will have, or have had, a mental illness.

The two most common mental illnesses are anxiety and depression.
Anxiety is characterized by the presence of excessive worry about a variety of topics, events or activities. It might be challenging to control and easily shift from topic to topic. It can present as edginess or restlessness, irritability or difficulty sleeping. Depression is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. It can present as anhedonia (lack of pleasure), lack of self-care, interpersonal withdrawal and sleep disturbances. While we all experience anxiety or sadness from time to time, for others it can be debilitating.

A common comorbidity is anxiety and depression. Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more illnesses at the same time.
Research suggests that approximately 60% of people with anxiety will also have symptoms of depression, and vice versa.

The great thing about music is that it can be used as an effective, non-pharmacological tool to help reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Here are some of the needs that music can help address.

A person experiencing anxiety might need a physical outlet for motor energy or relief from muscle tension. This can look like moving to music, whether it be walking or dancing, or some kind of guided relaxation such as a meditation or progressive muscle relaxation to music.
Calming the nervous system with music and movement can help control the physiological symptoms of anxiety and provide the individual with strategies to combat the physical sensations of anxiety like shakiness or tension.

A person experiencing depression might need an outlet for identifying and expressing negative feelings. This can look like
improvisational instrument playing, lyric analysis and song writing. Topics for songs might include stress management, hope, acceptance, friendship and belonging. Creativity can be a motivating experience for both exploration and expression. This can be done in either an individual or group setting. Participation in mood-lifting experiences with others can increase interest in previously enjoyed activities as well as reduce feelings of worthlessness and guilt. Sometimes we just need to know we are not alone.

Using music to help with symptoms of anxiety and depression can also be as simple as reaching for our favorite playlist. We can use music to move from how we currently feel to how we want to feel. This is called the iso-principle. It is a technique in music therapy where music is matched with the mood of a client, and then gradually altered to affect the desired mood state (Davis, Gfeller & Thaut, 2008). Changing how we feel can help us change how we think.

These are just some of the ways that music can be used as a fun and effective tool for reducing symptom severity and improving quality of life for those living with anxiety and depression.



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By Shelley Neal March 8, 2024
I initially trained with MUSIC CARE to work with Seniors in Long Term Care who were experiencing dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease. This is the path I travelled with my mom. My training with Music Care and Room 217 supported capacity building in selecting music that was played on my harp or chosen recorded music. The music centered on the care of the individual and their specific needs. My job was to determine the individual’s specific and select music to address these needs. The music selected helped to build community, support sleep, talk about life experiences, create a background landscape of sound, support connection to decrease isolation and loneliness, as well as coming alongside people dying. My training with Music Care helped me understand how to support people “where they were” physically, emotionally, and spiritually. Through using beat, tempo, melody, and timbre, I could cater the music and desired support required for individuals or small groups. My profession is teaching. I am a special education teacher and use music in my primary teaching as a method for learning, practicing language skills, transmitting information about science studies or math equations, as well as having fun and creating our own songs. My teacher toolkit married exceptionally well with the knowledge and skills provided by the Music Care Certification training. Recently, my work with students has involved individual programming for the medically fragile children and the palliative children. I use music (repeating the chorus several times) to engage and connect with the kiddos. We use music to "talk" about feelings (our communication is through eye gaze, eye blinks, and squeezing hands), and content material. I use music to enjoy our relationship of being together. At times, due to medication for seizures, my little ones can be very sleepy. I increase the tempo, engaging in tapping the beat on her hands and using silly action songs. The giggles and wiggles make it magical. I also use music to tell stories (my students have CVI, cortical vision impairment, so visual perception is difficult). This helps the child to engage in the story arch and adventures. Music is my conduit for reaching out and being with the students. Recently, I had the sacred journey of visiting one of my children in ICU at Sick Kids. I was invited to come to say "goodbye". A dear friend who was an ICU nurse in a different department told me (AKA, insisted) that I bring my harp with me. I wasn't sure if this would be appropriate for the family. However, with the permission of the mom, I bravely packed my harp up and took it to the Unit. It was a beautiful evening of talking with their mom and dad about how special their child was in my life. I played the kiddo's favorite songs and then ended with "The More We Get Together". The little one opened their eyes and stared at me. We hugged, and I left. They passed the next morning. I consider this time to be a sacred gift. Music Care Certification has given me the confidence and toolset to work alongside people and to journey together. It is a time a beautiful, difficult, or sacred time that I have been honoured to participate in.  Thank You
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This article was written by Julia Cara, and is part of a series provided by upper year Health Sciences students at McMaster University.
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