Schizophrenia is a highly stigmatized mental illness that is often left out of the conversation. Affecting less than one percent of the population, the disorder is widely misunderstood by the general population.
So what is schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by disruptions in thought processes, perception, emotional responsiveness and social interaction. The symptoms of schizophrenia fall into three categories: positive symptoms, negative symptoms and disorganized symptoms. Positive symptoms are those that are abnormally present, such as hearing or seeing things that do not exist. Negative symptoms are those that are abnormally absent, such as anhedonia (lack of pleasure). Disorganized symptoms can include abnormal movements, thinking and speaking.
Now let’s explore how music can help with symptoms of schizophrenia.
A person experiencing schizophrenia might need additional sensory information to distinguish between real and unreal experiences.
Studies show that listening to music has a positive effect on positive symptoms and quality of life for patients with auditory hallucinations. The insular cortex, which links sensory experience and emotional valence, is active during music listening interventions for persons with schizophrenia.
Participation in group music making experiences may also benefit persons with schizophrenia by increasing feelings of pleasure and social connectedness and decreasing feelings of anhedonia. This might look like improvisational instrument playing or lyric analysis and song writing to encourage social interaction. Themes might include relationships, sense of self and acceptance.
Persons with schizophrenia might have problems with attention, executive function and memory.
Music can be used to train these cognitive functions. This might look like responding to different musical cues or creating compositions with different instruments to practice skills such as organizing, planning and decision making.
Music and movement may also be helpful for persons experiencing disturbed psychomotor behavior. Rhythm can provide timing and structure which helps organize the body’s movement. A guided relaxation such as a meditation or progressive muscle relaxation to music may also help with body awareness and stiffness or rigidity.
Music can be an effective tool to help with the wide range of symptoms that persons with schizophrenia experience.
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